Military | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Regiment

    A regiment is a body of troops composed of squadrons, batteries or companies; it is often divided into battalions for military operations. A single-battalion regiment ranges in size from 300 to 1,000. 

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  • Article

    Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute

    On 6 June 1944, Canadian Forces landed on Juno Beach. D-Day was the largest amphibious invasion of all time and marked the beginning of the end of the Second World War. In 2019, Historica Canada released a Heritage Minute telling the story of 47-year-old Major Archie MacNaughton, a First World War veteran and leader of the North Shore New Brunswick Regiment’s A Company. In this article, Anthony Wilson-Smith, president of Historica Canada, reflects on the making of the D-Day Minute.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/ArchieMacNaughton/IMG_2847.JPG Remembering D-Day: The Making of a Heritage Minute

  • Article

    Remembrance Day Poppy

    The red poppy is a symbol of Remembrance Day that was inspired by the poem “In Flanders Fields,” written by Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae. Canada officially adopted the poppy as a symbol of remembrance in 1921. Red poppy pins are sold by the Royal Canadian Legion and worn by millions of Canadians in the weeks leading up to and on 11 November.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/064a5591-1989-4fac-b81e-7bd9099c8053.jpg Remembrance Day Poppy

  • Article

    Representing the Home Front: The Women of the Canadian War Memorials Fund

    While they may not have had access to the battlefields, a number of Canadian women artists made their mark on the visual culture of the First World War by representing the home front. First among these were the women affiliated with the Canadian War Memorials Fund, Canada’s first official war art program. Founded in 1916, the stated goal of the Fund was to provide “suitable Memorials in the form of Tablets, Oil-Paintings, etc. […], to the Canadian Heroes and Heroines in the War.” Expatriates Florence Carlyle and Caroline Armington participated in the program while overseas. Artists Henrietta Mabel May, Dorothy Stevens, Frances Loringand Florence Wyle were commissioned by the Fund to visually document the war effort in Canada.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c5bd4814-1974-4a38-b0bf-006c4ec26687.jpg Representing the Home Front: The Women of the Canadian War Memorials Fund

  • Article

    Reserve Force of Canada

    The Reserve Force of Canada comprises part-time members of the ARMED FORCES, whose role is to augment and support the Regular Force. Compulsory universal military service for early settlers eventually became part-time, volunteer soldiering.

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  • Article

    Ross Rifle

    In the early 20th Century, the Ross rifle, a Canadian-made infantry rifle, was produced as an alternative to the British-made Lee-Enfield rifle. The Ross rifle was used during the First World War, where it gained a reputation as an unreliable weapon among Canadian soldiers. By 1916, the Ross had been mostly replaced by the Lee-Enfield.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/single_use_images/Ross_rifle.jpeg Ross Rifle

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)

    Since its inception in 1924, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) has served Canadians in peace and war. It played a vital role in the Second World War, becoming the fourth-largest Allied air force, and reached its "golden age" in the late 1950s, with dozens of combat squadrons on the front lines of the Cold War. The term Royal, dropped from the name in 1968, was returned to the air force in 2011.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/f864cf51-65b5-4803-85a1-a7908ffdc0aa.jpg Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)

  • Collection

    Royal Canadian Air Force

    On 1 April 2024, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) will mark its 100th anniversary. Canada didn't have its own air force during the First World War, although more than 20,000 Canadians served in a British Empire flying service. After the war, Canada established an Air Board to develop aviation policy, leading to a Canadian Air Force or “flying militia” that used wartime flyers and surplus British aircraft. On 1 April 1924, the air service...

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/6a823326-afa8-474e-a4e7-8b72b9a5dd53.jpg Royal Canadian Air Force

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Legion

    The Royal Canadian Legion is a non-profit, national organization that serves Canadian war veterans and their families and lobbies government on their behalf. It is best known for selling poppies every fall and organizing Remembrance Day ceremonies across the country. In recent decades, the Legion has struggled with declining membership, due in large part to the loss of Second World War and Korean War veterans.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/media/media/c8863b07-985b-49e7-aa96-3ee336735d4d.jpg Royal Canadian Legion

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Naval Air Branch

    The Royal Canadian Naval Air Branch was established in 1945 and disbanded upon unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968.  During that period, the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) operated a succession of three aircraft carriers: HMC Ships Warrior, Magnificent and Bonaventure.  The ability to exercise air power at sea was fundamental to the RCN’s core role of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) against the Cold War Soviet submarine fleet. As the nature of that threat evolved, the RCN Air Branch underwent a nearly continuous process of adaptation to incorporate new equipment and tactics, with increasingly higher performance aircraft and supporting equipment. 

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/RCNAirBranch/Bonaventure_-_Banshees.jpg Royal Canadian Naval Air Branch

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Naval Air Service (RCNAS)

    The Royal Canadian Naval Air Service (RCNAS) was formed during the closing months of the First World War to help counter the German U-boat threat on Canada’s East Coast. It was disbanded after only three months of existence. A Canadian naval air service was not created again until after the Second World War.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/RCNAS/HS-2L-1876.jpg Royal Canadian Naval Air Service (RCNAS)

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Navy

    Canada's navy has defended Canadian interests in home waters and overseas since the early 20th century — despite often struggling for ships and resources under sometimes neglectful governments. The navy was a vital part of Canada's contribution to the Second World War, including the Battle of the Atlantic and the Allied invasions of Italy and Normandy. In the decades since, the navy has served consistently around the globe with the United Nations and NATO, while protecting sovereignty on Canada's three coasts.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/NavalServiceCanada1911Poster.jpg Royal Canadian Navy

  • Article

    Royal Canadian Regiment

    The Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR) is one of three permanent, regular army infantry regiments of the Canadian Armed Forces. The regimental headquarters is in Petawawa, Ontario. Consisting of three battalions and a reserve battalion, the RCR has a proud history of military service dating back to 1863.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/RCR/RCR_Italy.jpg Royal Canadian Regiment

  • Article

    Royal Flying Corps

    During the First World War, more than 5,000 Canadian pilots served in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The RFC was formed on 13 April 1912 to satisfy Britain's need for a military presence in the expanding field of aviation. It joined with the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) in April 1918 to become the Royal Air Force. During the war, an RFC/RAF training program in Canada produced approximately 10,500 pilots, mechanics and aircraftmen.

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  • Article

    Royal Hamilton Light Infantry Band

    The Regimental Band of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (RHLI) is the oldest enlisted band in Canada. Formed in 1866 by Peter Grossman, it has been led by Captain Ryan W. Baker since 2016.

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    https://d2ttikhf7xbzbs.cloudfront.net/ArmyUnits/1200px-Royal_Hamilton_Light_Infantry_band.jpg Royal Hamilton Light Infantry Band